Preheat and prep: Set your oven to 425°F (220°C). Line a large baking sheet with parchment for easier cleanup.
Season the vegetables: Toss the cauliflower florets, chopped onion, and whole garlic cloves with 2 tablespoons of olive oil, salt, pepper, and paprika.
Spread in a single layer on the baking sheet.
Roast until golden: Roast for 25 to 35 minutes, stirring once halfway through, until the edges of the cauliflower are deeply browned and the garlic is tender and fragrant.
Warm the broth: While the vegetables roast, heat the broth in a pot over medium-low. Keep it warm to help the soup blend smoothly.
Blend the base: Transfer the roasted vegetables to a blender or the pot (if using an immersion blender). Add warm broth and blend until silky.
Start with 4 cups broth and add water as needed to reach your preferred thickness.
Season and simmer: Pour the blended soup into a pot if needed. Stir in thyme, parsley, and dill. Bring to a gentle simmer for 5 minutes to marry the flavors.
Finish with brightness: Stir in lemon juice and the remaining 1 tablespoon olive oil.
Taste and adjust salt, pepper, and heat. Add red pepper flakes if you like a little warmth.
Make it creamy (optional): Stir in cream or plant milk for extra richness. Simmer 1 more minute; don’t boil.
Serve and garnish: Ladle into bowls and top with a drizzle of olive oil, fresh herbs, cracked pepper, and something crunchy like toasted almonds, pumpkin seeds, or croutons.