Sauté the aromatics: Heat olive oil in a large pot over medium heat.
Add onion, celery, and carrots with a pinch of salt. Cook 5–7 minutes, stirring, until softened and fragrant.
Add garlic and spices: Stir in garlic, thyme, oregano, and the bay leaf. Cook 30 seconds until the garlic smells toasty, but don’t let it burn.
Layer in vegetables: Add the cabbage, potatoes, and bell pepper.
Toss to coat with the aromatics and spices. Let it cook 2–3 minutes to soften slightly.
Pour in liquids: Add the diced tomatoes and chicken broth. Stir well, scraping up any browned bits from the bottom of the pot.
Add the chicken: Nestle the chicken thighs or breasts into the soup.
Bring to a gentle boil, then reduce heat to a steady simmer.
Simmer until tender: Cover and cook 20–25 minutes, or until the chicken is cooked through and the potatoes are tender.
Shred the chicken: Remove the chicken to a cutting board. Use two forks to shred into bite-size pieces. Return the chicken to the pot.
Season and brighten: Stir in lemon juice, then taste and add salt and pepper as needed.
If you want a richer body, simmer another 5–10 minutes uncovered.
Finish and serve: Remove the bay leaf. Ladle into bowls and top with chopped parsley or dill. Serve with crusty bread if you like.